Newer Treatments For Schizophrenia Symptom Management

Newer treatments for schizophrenia symptom management focus on both the DA and the 5-HT systems in an attempt to alleviate positive, negative and cognitive symptoms (Leucht et al., 2009; Leucht, Wahlbeck, Hamann, Kissling, 2003). The 5-HT hypothesis of schizophrenia arose from toxicologic explanations of mental illness that were popular in the 1950s (Osmond, 1958). Toxicologic explanations received their inspiration from the observation that exogenous substances could produce effects that resemble certain signs and symptoms of mental illness, such as hallucinations (Osmond, 1958). The 5-HT hypothesis arose based on the observation that hallucinogenic-effects, such as those seen with LSD administration, are mediated by 5-HT agonism, and hence, schizophrenia symptoms likely arise from a similar mechanism (Baumeister Hawkins, 2004). However, in the 1970s, the 5-HT hypothesis of schizophrenia was almost completely replaced by the DA hypothesis, only making a comeback later with the proven effectiveness of the atypical antipsychotics, such as clozapine (Baumeister Hawkins, 2004). While the main action of typical antipsychotics is on the D2 receptor, atypical antipsychotics show enhanced activity at 5-HT receptors with a low affinity for D2 receptors (Divac et al., 2014). Atypical antipsychotics are more effective in reducing cognitive and negative symptoms and result in fewer EPS than the typical antipsychotics (Davis, Chen, Glick, 2003). The high binding affinityShow MoreRelatedSchizophreni A Severe Brain Disorder1133 Words   |  5 PagesSchizophrenia is a severe brain disorder that affects the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional parts of the brain. The symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech and cationic behavior, and negative symptoms. The DSM-5 states that symptoms delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech must be present for at least one month in order for one to be diagnosed with schizophrenia. Also, the DSM-5 mentions that the symptoms have to be ongoing for at least six months to be schizophrenicRead MoreThe Wide spread Impacts of Schizophrenia 964 Words   |  4 Pages Schizophrenia is a disease that alters the brain and is believed to be a mental disorder. It is also a severe psychological disorder that touches every aspect of a person life. It is characterized by disturbances in thought and language, perception and attention, motor activity and mood swings as well as withdrawals and absorption in daydreams or fantasy. Schizophrenia was traced all the way back to Egypt, as far back as the second millennium Emile Kraepelin a German doctor discovered the diseaseRead MoreSymptoms, And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1413 Words   |  6 PagesOverview, Symptoms, and Treatment for Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that is affecting people’s lives every day. There isn’t a cure for this disorder and it is lifelong. Schizophrenia can affect a person’s thoughts, emotions, and actions. People with this disorder can have a hard time figuring out what is real and what isn’t real. A common side effect to schizophrenia is hallucinations and delusions. Another common side effect is social withdrawal, which means that they avoid socialRead More Schizophrenia Essay1202 Words   |  5 PagesSchizophrenia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Schizophrenia is an extremely puzzling condition, the most chronic and disabling of the major mental illnesses. Approximately one percent of the population develops schizophrenia during their lives. With the sudden onset of severe psychotic symptoms, the individual is said to be experiencing acute schizophrenia. Psychotic means out of touch with reality, or unable to separate real from unreal experiences. Schizophrenia is a disorder characterized by loss of touch with realityRead MoreSchizophrenia And The World Health Organization Essay1723 Words   |  7 Pages Schizophrenia is perhaps the least understood and most frightening of the mental disorders. One percent of the world population is affected by it and the World Health Organisation has ranked it as the seventh greatest cause of disability worldwide (Frangou, 2008). On average it takes one to one and half decades off the sufferers life and is a greater cause of mortality than many cancers and physical illnesses (van Os Kapur, 2009). This paper will present an out of hospital case study and compareRead MoreHow Schizophrenia Affects The Lifespan1595 Words   |  7 PagesHow Schizophrenia affects the Lifespan 3 How Schizophrenia affects the Lifespan Schizophrenia is a mental illness that inhibits a person’s ability to think clearly, manage their emotions, make their own decisions, and associate with others. It is a complicated, long term illness that affects one percent of Americans. Even though Schizophrenia can occur at any age, it is more common forRead MoreJohn Forbes Nash, Jr.1739 Words   |  7 Pagesdisplayed some symptoms of Paranoid Schizophrenia. He suffered from hallucinations and delusions. Once he said that he has encrypted messages from outer space. People thought it was a joke, but they didn t know that he was suffering from Schizophrenia. After his illness, he resigned from MIT and went to Europe. When he came back, he mostly hanged around Princeton campus and wrote about himself in a third person and wrote nonsensical cards to his friends. When his wife knew about his symptoms, she tookRead MoreModern Medicine, Traditional Medicine And Complementary And / Or Alternative Medicine1517 Words   |  7 Pag es`Mental health has three types of treatments. Western Scientific Medicine, Traditional Medicine and Complementary and/or Alternative Medicine. Western Scientific Medicine Definition: A system in which medical doctors and other healthcare professionals (such as nurses, pharmacists, and therapists) treat symptoms and diseases using drugs, radiation, or surgery. Also allopathic medicine, biomedicine, conventional medicine, mainstream medicine, and orthodox medicine. Traditional Medicine Definition:Read MoreUnderstanding Schizophrenia Essay examples1617 Words   |  7 PagesUnderstanding Schizophrenia When a person hears the word crazy, their first thoughts are probably of symptoms of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is seen as the ideal case of insanity. The causes of this disease remain unknown, but scientists are constantly searching for answers. Although a cure for schizophrenia is surely far in the future, research and understanding is making more and more progress every day. To find a cure for schizophrenia, scientists must first understand the disease itselfRead MoreCost Proposed By Mangalore And Knapp1191 Words   |  5 Pages In the standpoint of economic consequences, costs incurred by schizophrenia are all tunnelled down to society and public sector. Cost proposed by Mangalore and Knapp (2007) was  £6.7billion in 2004/05 where society and public bear 4.7million and 2million respectively. With respect to this, follow up estimation in 2010 from LSE showed a rough 3-fold increase with  £11.8 billion of societal cost and  £7.2 billion on public sector. This study might have a more realistic outlook with additional inclusion

The Black Dahlia Killer And Murder Case - 1741 Words

â€Å"In January 1947,the brutal murder of Elizabeth Short shocked America. Another factor complicating the case was the obsession developed by men with the Black Dahlia in death-as many as been obsessed with her life† (Finis Brown 3). The Black Dahlia killer and murder case is a monstrous and heinous topic because of the wicked things that were done to her. The Black Dahlia case was distinctive for Elizabeth’s upbringing and before she was murdered,what the crime was and what happened to her, and how cunning and scheming the criminal was to never be caught. Elizabeth Short was born in Hyde Park,Boston MA on July 29,1924, moving at an early age to Medford in Boston. She was reported as a kind,romantic,compromising girl who dreamed of†¦show more content†¦That summer she found her father. He allowed her to move in but the relationship was awkward. He did not approve of her attraction with men and her lazy and messy ways. After she got arrested at a bar, s he was sent home to Medford. But she still had a goal to go to Hollywood and become a famous actress (John 3). When she could not pay her share of the rent of her apartment,she went to live with a woman named Dorothy French that was very sympathetic for her. Elizabeth lived with the Frenches without working or contributing in her stay until she was offered a ride back to L.A. by a salesman named Robert Manley who became a big suspect in the murder. The next day he dropped her off at the Biltmore Hotel,where she was meeting her sister (John 4). Elizabeth Short was murdered on 15 January 1947 (Wilkes 3). This shocked America. Betty Bersinger was out for a walk with her daughter when she thought she saw a broken mannequin from a store laying on the ground. When she got closer she realized it was the body of a woman. The woman’s naked body was found on a piece of land in L.A. The lower torso was slanted upward,making police believe she was in a fowler position at the ti me of death. The body was cut in half at the waist and was bruised and beaten. The detached sections were put in a line,about ten inches apart. There were deep slashes from both sides of her mouth as though the killer made a deformed stretch of her smile.Show MoreRelatedEssay On Black Dahlia809 Words   |  4 Pages The Black Dahlia Elizabeth Short famously known as the Black Dahlia was murdered in California in January 15, 1947. She was working as a waitress to support her dream of making it big in Hollywood. The Black Dahlia is one of the biggest unsolved murder mysteries in California to this day. Its been almost 70 years since the murder of Black Dahlia, and many are to believe it is the father of the retired LAPD detective Steve Hodel, his father being George Hodel. But still no one has been put guiltyRead MoreThe Black Dahlia Essay1571 Words   |  7 PagesScott Paden Monica Lott Eng 11011 October 23, 2008 The Black Dahlia The 1947 murder of Elizabeth Short has remained one of Hollywood’s most notorious unsolved cases in Los Angeles history. The cold case has been passed down from detective to detective searching answers or any clues to help put the case to rest. The Black Dahlia was actually Elizabeth Short: a young, aspiring actress from a small town in Massachusetts. Elizabeth or Beth, as known by many, was born July 29, 1924Read MoreElizabeth Short, The Famous Black Dahlia1050 Words   |  5 Pagesnoticed what she thought was a mannequin in an empty lot. With further investigation she noticed it was a real body and she rushed to a nearby house to call the police. So the question is, who’s body was it? The answer? Elizabeth Short, the famous Black Dahlia. Elizabeth was born in Boston July 29, 1924 to her parents Cleo and Phoebe Short. Her father left randomly and wasn’t heard from until years later. She left for Miami when she was 16 and grew up there until she was 19, where she then moved toRead MoreWho Is The True Black Dahlia Assailant?2015 Words   |  9 PagesThe True Black Dahlia Assailant? The Black Dahlia is a murder case that occurred in Los Angeles, California in 1947, where a woman was brutally murdered. The victim murdered was a woman by the name of Elizabeth Short; an aspiring actress, only twenty two years of age. Her naked body, completely drained of blood, was found cut in half and mutilated in a vacant lot of a residential section in Leimert Park, Los Angeles. Shortly after her death newspapers gave her the nickname The Black Dahlia. This nicknameRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film Of Cold Blood 1757 Words   |  8 Pagesclear motive; the murderers were Dick Hickock and Perry Smith. They escaped after committing the murder, but after investigations, they were arrested(Crowther). Whereas, the â€Å"Black Dahlia† is a film about the murder and investigation of Elizabeth Short. Her body was found abandoned on the field on January 15, 1947, near Hollywood sign. All efforts of the public investigation were futile and the murder remains unsolved to date. Eliz abeth body was cut in half and was mutilated, and her mouth slashedRead MoreAmerican Myths and Mysteries Essay2813 Words   |  12 Pagesinteresting part of American history. From mysteries involving serial killers to myths about mysterious creatures, there is a wide range of the unknown that many people, except for witnesses, have never heard about. Now let’s take a look into some of the most fantastic myths and mysteries in America. The mystery of the Zodiac Killer was never solved; it was one of the greatest serial killer mysteries of all time. He was called the Zodiac killer due to the messages he sent to the police, they were writtenRead MoreThe Shot Of A Gun2438 Words   |  10 PagesBang! The shot of a gun. A body thumps to the ground as the killer makes an escape out the fire escape on the fifth floor. A few days later, an elderly woman calls the police about an odd smell coming from the apartment above her. Within the hour, there’s a whole police team in the fifth floor apartment, including forensic investigators, ballistics experts, crime scene photographers, and homicide detectives. The detectives observe the body and then go to search for a bullet. They notice the windowRead More Dames, Coppers, and Crooks: A L:ook At Film Noir Essay2891 Words   |  12 Pagesand Crooks: A Look At Film Noir nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Film noir is a style of black and white American films that first evolved in the 1940s, became prominent in the post-war era, and lasted in a classic â€Å"Golden Age† period until about 1960. Frank Nino, a French film critic, first coined the label film noir, which literally means black film or cinema, in 1946. Nino noticed the trend of how â€Å"dark† and black the looks and themes were of many American crime and detective films released in FranceRead MoreFalse Confession3680 Words   |  15 PagesAlthough the prevalence rate is unknown, recent analyses reveal that 20 to 25% of prisoners exonerated by DNA had confessed to police, that the percentage is far higher in capital murder cases (White, 2003), and that these discovered instances represent the tip of an iceberg (Drizin Leo, 2004). After reviewing a number of cases throughout history, and drawing on theories of social inï ¬â€šuence, Wrightsman and I proposed a taxonomy that distinguis hed three types of false confessions: voluntary, compliant

Daniel X Demons and Druids Free Essays

Daniel X: Demons and Druids Over two hundred thirty million copies of the Daniel X series have been sold worldwide. The author James Patterson wrote Daniel X: Demons and Druids in collaboration with Adam Sadler. The publishing date is July 2010. We will write a custom essay sample on Daniel X: Demons and Druids or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the book, Daniel X is an alien hunter who is looking for number three on his alien list of outlaws, Phosphorius Beta. â€Å"Think of a million or so angry wolves-on fire, that’s a pretty good approximation of number three†, well that’s how Patterson puts it. The epic battle between alien hunter and fire has begun. I enjoyed Daniel X because of the author’s action and how he weaves myths and fiction into the story, but I disliked Patterson’s writing style and several other points of the book. James Patterson’s novels are known for full on action, and adrenalin. An example of action and adrenalin is when Daniel X is caught by alien number forty-three on the alien list of outlaws; he turns back time and explodes number forty-three with a bomb. This is pure action because Daniel puts his life on the line to fulfill his mission to kill aliens. Another example of action and adrenalin is when Daniel X and his friends are get caught by vampirus sapiens. In the example of action and adrenalin, the action takes place when he transforms, but the adrenalin kicks in when the vampirus sapien loosened his grip on Daniel X’s hands. James Patterson excels at making abnormal events seem normal or regular. I liked how James Patterson placed Merlin the sorcerer and Arthur Pendragon in the story, and how he made Stonehenge, merely a monument a big part in his story. It is ironic that Patterson weaved Stonehenge, merlin, and druids together. When I think of druids I think of aliens or demons. Stories, Myths, and books say that druids built Stonehenge, but there isn’t any evidence that proves that they did. Druids are actually high priests of the Celts. The only reason why people believe that they built it is because they were alive during that time. Yet legend has it that merlin built Stonehenge. Merlin brought the stones to Salisbury Plain from Ireland. Sometime later there was a massacre of three hundred noble men and a memorial was needed. Merlin then moved Stonehenge to Britain to bury them. However in the book Merlin and his mentor help a group of people build Stonehenge. Even though James Patterson is a genius when it comes to Science fiction he still needs to work on writing his books. Even through James Patterson is a great author, I don’t always enjoy his books. Two things I didn’t like about the book, was that Patterson didn’t introduce well in the beginning and that he made the chapters too small. I expected him to explain Daniel X‘s history in the prologue so that the readers could understand things about his background and understand what he’s been through. Since, Patterson made the chapters in his book so small it really takes time to make or figure out what’s going to happen. If Patterson had made the chapters longer he would have had wasted less time trying to make a point, but the only difference would be that the book would be smaller. Patterson introduces Daniel X’s history in chapter nine; all the chapters in the book are small and even the epilogue has a small chapter. I loved the book because of all the action and adrenalin that James Patterson put in it, and the abnormal or irregular events that occurs , but I disliked the introduction and Patterson’s idea of short chapters. I enjoyed Daniel X because of the author’s action and how he weaves myths and fiction into the story, but I disliked Patterson’s writing style and several other points of the book. I’d recommend this book to preteens, I would give this book a three out of five, but if you are not satisfied, there are several other series that James Patterson has made. For example Maximum Ride, Witch and Wizard, Alex Cross and the Women’s murder club, and the rest of the Daniel X series. How to cite Daniel X: Demons and Druids, Papers

Toyota Corollas Cars Financial Calculations

Question: Describe about the Toyota Corollas Cars for Financial Calculations. Answer: 1. Given data set for the age of the used Toyota Corollas Cars and the respective advertised prices are as highlighted below: Age (yr) Price Advertised ($) 1 12995, 10950 2 10495 3 10995, 10995 4 6995, 7990 5 8700, 6995 6 5990, 4995 9 3200, 2250, 3995 11 2900, 2995 13 1750 Part A Scatter plot for the above data in order to define the relationship between the car prices and their respective ages is as illustrated below: Part B It is apparent from the above scatter plot that the given data illustrates a negative slope, which describes the linear relationship between the variables i.e. car price and car age. Additionally, the above argument would be supported with the fact that the maximum data points are fitting about a downward sloping line, which would result in low standard error and significant linear relationship of the variables. Part C - It is given in the question that the value of r2 = 0.894. Therefore, r2 = 0.894 r = = 0.945 (correlation coefficient) The value of the correlation coefficient may be positive or negative because the coefficient value is derived through taking the square root of coefficient of determination or R2. However, in the present scenario, negative slop (downward line) has obtained, which is evident in the scatter plot. Therefore, the value of r would be considered as -0.0945. Further, the r2 = 0.894 value would provide the evidence that approximately 89.4% of the deviation in the price of the cars would be explained or accounted for from the deviation in the age of the Toyota car. Part D In the present case, the given model would not account for 100% variability in the change of the price of the used Corolla cars because it is apparent from the data tables that for some of the sample vehicles, the prices are different even for the same age year. Thereby, it can be concluded that there are many factors (repairing, distance covered by car and so on) besides the age that tend to impact the vehicle price because the price and age are not providing r2=1. These imperative factors are essential in order to ascertain the price of the Corolla cars with higher precision. Part E It is mentioned in the given question that the regression line for the linear relationship model, is highlighted below: P = 12319.6 924 A Where, P = predicted price ($) A = age of car (year) There are two critical aspects in the given regression line Slope: The slope of the obtained regression line is computed as -924, which means that if the age of the used Corolla car is altered by one single year than the price of the car would be altered with the amount of $924, but in the opposite direction of the deviation in the car age. Y- intercept: The intercept of the regression line i.e. 12319.6 would provides that the price of the new Corolla car is the value of the intercept i.e. $12319.6. The price of 7 year old Corolla car would be calculated as A= 7 year, then price of car P = 12319.6 - 924 A P = 12319.6 (9247) = $5,851.6 It is recommended to the car purchaser to buy the vehicle (car), which comprises negative residual. Moreover, it is opined in the accordance of the regression line that negative residual indicates that the real price of the car is lesser in comparison of the possible expected price. This means that worth of the car is assumed to be much lower than the actual price and thus, the customer should buy the car. Beside this, the car with positive residual must not be bought because the car is overvalued and, thus not beneficial from the consumer perspective. Age of the car is given as 10 year old and the mentioned price is $1500. The aim is to compute the residual in the current case. Regression line P = 12319.6 - 924 A P = 12319.6 924 10 = $ 3,070.6 The price (predicted price) computed on the basis of the regression line is $3,070.6. Residual = Actual Price of the car - Predicted price of the car = 1500 - 3070.6 = -1,570.6 It is clear from the above calculations that negative residual has been obtained, which means the predicted value of the car is more than the actual price and thus, it is suggested to the concerned purchasers that the given car should be purchased. The aim is to find whether the current regression model is suitable to compute price for a 20 year old car. To find the usefulness/validity of this model, one needs to determine the price of a 20 year old car. Regression line P = 12319.6 - 924 A P = 12319.6 924 20 P = 12319.6 18,480 = -6,160.4 It is apparent from the above calculations that the price for 20 years old car comes out asnegative i.e. - 6,160.4, which is not possible and thus, this regression model would not be apply for evaluation of the price of 20 year old Corolla car.